(...) The athletes were not named in the study, which was published in The Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology And Metabolism in 2013,(...) They had “excessive pubic hair and clitoromegaly (enlarged clitoris)” and hidden testes but “none of them reported male sex behaviour”. To make them fit for competing as women, they were taken to a hospital in France where their gonads were removed, even though the study says, “...leaving male gonads in patients carries no health risk, each athlete was informed that gonadectomy would most likely decrease their performance level but allow them to continue elite sport...”Gonadectomy (the removal of an ovary or testis) in women causes loss of bone and muscle strength, and may lead to diabetes, chronic fatigue, depression, and poor libido. It necessitates lifelong hormone replacement therapy. More chillingly, in the case of the four athletes, the gonadectomy was followed by a series of cosmetic surgeries that had nothing to do with lowering androgen levels: Their clitori were partially removed, a practice that the medical community renounces, and they underwent “feminizing vaginoplasty”.http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/9P3jbOG2G0ppTVB7Xvwj0K/Why-Dutee-Chand-can-change-sports.html